Hebrew Roots/Torah Observant - A Modern DECEPTION for Christians

Old Testament Dietary Laws? 

Sabbath Observance? 

Jewish Feast Days? 

Circumcision? 

In recent years, an ancient deception has crept back into the Church focused upon these very questions. Ancient because it was a false teaching that was trying to get root in the 1st Century Church and was arguably the main false teaching that the Apostle Paul had to address in his letters. 

How glorious that the Lord Jesus Christ rescued a Pharisee named Paul, an expert teacher of the Mosaic Law, to address this error in his many epistles. 

How tragic that today, the Hebrew Roots Movement (sometimes referring to themselves as those who are "Torah Observant") is infecting the Body of Christ with the very same errors that Paul sought to extinguish in his writings nearly 2000 years ago! (Note: I would add another group, called Commonwealth Theology (*see below) to this discussion as some of them advocate the keeping of the Mosaic Law for Gentile believers)

What exactly is this ancient false teaching? Namely, that Christians need to live according to the Law of Moses - the dietary laws, keeping the feasts, observing Sabbath, and that men need to be physically circumcised (which is technically from the Abrahamic Covenant). Those that are not being "Torah Observant" are considered "lawless" and that this is the "lawlessness" that the Scriptures speak about at the End of the Age. To be fair, the Hebrew Roots movement is not a monolithic one and some advocates are less extreme than others. 

I personally know many who are or have been influenced by this deception and who are trying to live by some of the requirements of the Law of Moses believing that this is God's will for them as disciples of Christ. I say "some of the requirements" as Hebrew Roots advocates are very 'selective' and fail to observe many of the commandments given under the Mosaic Covenant.

In the most extreme cases, some have even gone so far as to reject the Apostle Paul's writings, to deny the doctrine of the Trinity (claiming it to be pagan) and in the most extreme cases have even converted to Judaism. While most have not gone to such extremes, there is a trajectory that deception always has and it ultimately leads people away from Christ and the purity of the Gospel. 

A misunderstanding of Biblical Covenants is at the core of the modern Hebrew Roots Movement's errors (and was at the core of the ancient falsehood as well). The confusion regarding the Covenants is centered around the following questions: Who were they made with? Who did they apply to? What were/are the conditions? Which still apply TODAY? Which commandments are we supposed to obey? What commandments/regulations/ordinances are “perpetual”(everlasting or forever)? Were any commandments “temporary”? (**See below - "Perpetual?")

CRITICAL DISCLAIMER: This has nothing to do with Messianic Judaism. Recently the largest Messianic Jewish ministry in the world, One for Israel, has given a strong response/rebuke to the so-called Hebrew Roots Movement. Of all Messianic Jews, they estimate that no more than 2-3% are trying to be "Torah Observant". The vast majority of those advocating Hebrew Roots are Christians from non-Jewish backgrounds which One for Israel states are trying to follow "a law that was never intended for them". In short, Messianic Jews view the Hebrew Roots Movement as full of error and a serious threat to their message and understanding of the Gospel. (***See below - "A Messianic Jewish Response...")

Additionally, I know Christians who are interested in understanding the Old Testament feasts and the Jewish roots of our faith. This can be enriching and valuable but yet, Christians need to be careful. This can lead people in an unhealthy direction. The Judaism of today is NOT the Biblical Jewish faith of old and is far more reflective of Rabbinic Judaism and the Talmud (which contains the so-called Oral Torah). Rabbinic Judaism as reflected in the Talmud is vehemently anti-Christ, anti-Christian, and anti-New Testament. To quote a modern Rabbi,  

“Jesus was indeed a false prophet, for he acted only through sorcery…He is the embodiment of Satanism.”, Rabbi Daniel Asor 

For more information about Jesus in the Talmud, I would recommend this short article by the Messianic Jewish ministry, One for Israel. Link: Jesus in the Talmud

I think as long as Christians are focused on how Christ is the fulfillment of all of the Old Testament Law, then such practices remain balanced. Many Christians practice a form of tithing and others keep a Sabbath day (some consider Sunday as such). As long as they realize they are not under any of these laws/observances as mandatory or required by God, then let us be led by the Holy Spirit as to what we do. As soon as Christians believe that such practices are what God continues to will for His New Covenant Body, then we have gone into error. 

First things first - When Jesus came, the Mosaic/Sinai Covenant, known as the Old Covenant ENDED. This is something the Hebrew Roots Movement categorically denies. 

The Old Covenant was replaced by the New Covenant which the Prophet Jeremiah prophesied about. A NEW COVENANT was to be made! 

Jeremiah 31:31-34 - 31"Behold, the days are coming, declares the Lord, when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and the house of Judah, 32 not like the covenant that I made with their fathers on the day when I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt, my covenant that they broke, though I was their husband, declares the Lord. 33 For this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, declares the Lord: I will put my law within them, and I will write it on their hearts. And I will be their God, and they shall be my people. 34 And no longer shall each one teach his neighbor and each his brother, saying, ‘Know the Lord,’ for they shall all know me, from the least of them to the greatest, declares the Lord. For I will forgive their iniquity, and I will remember their sin no more.”

Please note WHO PRIMARILY the New Covenant was made with? The House of Israel and the House of Judah! We Gentiles ultimately get included (and there are many prophetic Scriptures that reveal this fact), but the New Covenant was made with those, the Houses of Israel and Judah, who had previously had the Old Covenant made with them and that they lived under. 

The Apostle Paul addresses this issue - namely that the Old Covenant ENDED with the coming of the New Covenant specifically in the Book of Hebrews. He wrote to Jewish followers of Christ those who had been under the Mosaic Law but were NO LONGER under that Old Covenant but were now under the New Covenant. (Note: Like some of the earliest Christians, I am convinced Paul is the author and originally wrote the book IN HEBREW to Jewish background followers of Jesus. Today, only have Hebrews in a Greek translation which is why it isn't in Paul's style of Greek.)

Hebrews 7:11-12 - 11 Now if perfection had been attainable through the Levitical priesthood (for under it the people received the law), what further need would there have been for another priest to arise after the order of Melchizedek, rather than one named after the order of Aaron? 12 For when there is a change in the priesthood, there is necessarily a change in the law as well.

The priesthood changed from the Levitical Priesthood to the Priesthood of Christ, which is in the order of Melchizedek. A temporary priesthood was replaced by an eternal one! This is one of Paul's main arguments in Hebrews.

Hebrews 8:6-13 - 6 But as it is, Christ has obtained a ministry that is as much more excellent than the old as the covenant he mediates is better, since it is enacted on better promises. 7 For if that first covenant had been faultless, there would have been no occasion to look for a second. 8 For he finds fault with them when he says: “Behold, the days are coming, declares the Lord, when I will establish a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah, 9 not like the covenant that I made with their fathers on the day when I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt. For they did not continue in my covenant, and so I showed no concern for them, declares the Lord. 10 For this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, declares the Lord: I will put my laws into their minds, and write them on their hearts, and I will be their God, and they shall be my people. 11 And they shall not teach, each one his neighbor and each one his brother, saying, ‘Know the Lord,’ for they shall all know me, from the least of them to the greatest. 12 For I will be merciful toward their iniquities, and I will remember their sins no more.” 13 In speaking of a new covenant, he makes the first one obsolete. And what is becoming obsolete and growing old is ready to vanish away.  

When EXACTLY did the Old Covenant end? Was it at the Death and Resurrection of Jesus? Or when the Jewish Temple was destroyed in AD70? Paul was martyred in the 60s in Rome, and when he wrote the Book of Hebrews, the destruction of the Temple was just about to be destroyed thus officially ending the Levitical priesthood and Temple Judaism. Thus Paul writes..."becoming obsolete and...is ready to vanish away". 

The exact ending date of the Old Covenant is debated - was it at the time of the death of John the Baptist? at Christ's death & resurrection in AD30/2? at the time of the Jewish Temple's destruction and the end of the Levitical Priesthood in AD70? 

What is critical is that we understand that the Jewish people had a change in their covenant in the 1st Century. The Old Covenant ENDED and was superseded by the New Covenant. 

Hebrews 9:9-11 - 9 According to this arrangement [the Mosaic Covenant], gifts and sacrifices are offered that cannot perfect the conscience of the worshiper, 10 but deal only with food and drink and various washings, regulations for the body imposed until the time of reformation. 11 But when Christ appeared as a high priest… 

When was the "time of reformation"? Verse 11 answers that question - "But when Christ appeared...". The regulations of the Old Covenant ENDED - this included the dietary laws, the keeping of the feasts, and all the rituals/practices that were required by the Priesthood in the Jewish Temple. Without a temple and without a priesthood, the Mosaic Covenant could no longer be carried out. 

The Abrahamic Covenant was fulfilled in Christ and the Mosaic (Old) Covenant ended with Christ's coming which inaugurated the start of the New Covenant. 

No longer would physical circumcision be required (as it was under the Abrahamic Covenant and was carried out by Moses as well). Our circumcision under the New Covenant would be the circumcision of the heart. The sign of the New Covenant was baptism. (see Ephesians 2:11-22)

The Apostle Paul addresses these issues more deeply especially the question of whether Gentile believers had to follow the requirements of the previous covenants (circumcision from the Abrahamic Covenant and the dietary/ceremonial requirements of the Mosaic Covenant). 

Essentially the entire Epistle of Galatians is Paul addressing these issues - It is no wonder that there are those in the Hebrew Roots movement who seek to sideline the Apostle Paul and diminish the import of his epistles. They are a death blow to the tenets of their movement!

Galatians 3:23-25 - 23 Now before faith came, we were held captive under the law, imprisoned until the coming faith would be revealed. 24 So then, the law was our guardian until Christ came, in order that we might be justified by faith. 25 But now that faith has come, we are no longer under a guardian

What law were people "held captive" to? What law was the "guardian"? And what law are we NO LONGER under? The Law of Moses (The Old/Sinai Covenant)

Galatians 4:9-11 - 9 But now that you have come to know God, or rather to be known by God, how can you turn back again to the weak and worthless elementary principles of the world, whose slaves you want to be once more? 10 You observe days and months and seasons and years! 11 I am afraid I may have labored over you in vain.

Paul here is addressing those who have been influenced by those seeking to get followers of Jesus to be following Mosaic Law "observances" - namely here the Jewish feasts and keeping the Sabbath. (****See below - "Sabbath?")

Galatians 5:2-6 - 2 Look: I, Paul, say to you that if you accept circumcision, Christ will be of no advantage to you. 3 I testify again to every man who accepts circumcision that he is obligated to keep the whole law. 4 You are severed from Christ, you who would be justified by the law; you have fallen away from grace. 5 For through the Spirit, by faith, we ourselves eagerly wait for the hope of righteousness. 6 For in Christ Jesus neither circumcision nor uncircumcision counts for anything, but only faith working through love.

Paul could not be any clearer - physical circumcision was done away with in Christ. The irony here is that Paul also makes it clear that those who want to live according to the Law of Moses (as the Hebrew Roots Movement advocates) need to keep THE WHOLE LAW. But they do not. They cannot. They cannot put people to death for disobedience. 

This was Paul's point in Galatians 3:10 - He writes, "For all who rely on works of the law are under a curse; for it is written, “Cursed be everyone who does not abide by all things written in the Book of the Law, and do them.”  

This should be a horrifying verse for Hebrew Roots advocates. They are not and cannot abide by ALL THINGS in the Mosaic Law and/or do them. They have no priesthood, no sacrificial system, no Temple, and no Civil state. It is IMPOSSIBLE for anyone to follow the Mosaic Law today (since AD70). They claim they are being faithful, and [Mosaic] law-abiding but in reality, if the Mosaic Law still applies they are entirely disobedient and guilty of lawlessness (the very thing they accuse non-Torah observant Christians of being!). They are only abiding by "some" of the things written in the Book of the Law and would therefore be cursed according to the Apostle Paul!

And even those who want to argue that the modern State of Israel has set the stage for the civil laws to be reenacted/restored (and one day a rebuilt Temple for the priesthood/ceremonial laws), they are still not getting the memo: the Old Covenant WAS ENDED. It no longer applies. Any Jew today who wants to relate rightly to Yahweh must do so by entering the New Covenant by becoming a part of the Body of Christ. God raised up the Messianic Jewish movement to trumpet this truth!!! 

Galatians 6:12-15 - 12 It is those who want to make a good showing in the flesh who would force you to be circumcised, and only in order that they may not be persecuted for the cross of Christ. 13 For even those who are circumcised do not themselves keep the law, but they desire to have you circumcised that they may boast in your flesh. 14 But far be it from me to boast except in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ, by which the world has been crucified to me, and I to the world. 15 For neither circumcision counts for anything, nor uncircumcision, but a new creation.

The Apostle reiterates what he wrote in Chapter 5 - physical circumcision is no longer required. It has been fulfilled in Christ and the circumcision that now matters is the so-called "circumcision of the heart" (Romans 2:29) which Jeremiah also alludes to. (Jer. 4:4). And Paul rebukes those who were trying to put this requirement on the Church in Galatia because they were themselves not keeping the Law. Again, nor are the Hebrew Roots people today. Paul would say the same thing to them. Why? There is no Temple, no priesthood, and no civil state to carry out ALL the requirements of the Mosaic Law. 

Colossians 2:14, 16-17 - 14 by canceling the record of debt that stood against us with its legal demands. This he set aside, nailing it to the cross...16 Therefore let no one pass judgment on you in questions of food and drink, or with regard to a festival or a new moon or a Sabbath. 17 These are a shadow of the things to come, but the substance belongs to Christ.

To the Church in Colossae, Paul has the same message as to the Galatians. Gentiles were never intended to keep the dietary and ceremonial aspects of the Mosaic Law. The legal demands of the Mosaic Law were "set aside" in Christ. They had been a "shadow" but their substance is now found in Christ under the New Covenant. 

Ephesians 2:11-15 - 11 Therefore remember that at one time you Gentiles in the flesh, called “the uncircumcision” by what is called the circumcision, which is made in the flesh by hands— 12 remember that you were at that time separated from Christ, alienated from the commonwealth of Israel and strangers to the covenants of promise, having no hope and without God in the world. 13 But now in Christ Jesus you who once were far off have been brought near by the blood of Christ. 14 For he himself is our peace, who has made us both one and has broken down in his flesh the dividing wall of hostility 15 by abolishing the law of commandments expressed in ordinances, that he might create in himself one new man in place of the two, so making peace.

I am not sure if Paul could be any clearer - the law of commandments (the Mosaic Law) was ABOLISHED. Of course, Paul is not abolishing the moral aspects of the Mosaic Law - but they preceded the Mosaic Law and were reaffirmed by Christ and His Apostles. It was the ceremonial, dietary, and civic laws that were abolished. Why? Because they were made with Israel as a Nation and required a priesthood and a Jewish Temple (beginning as the Tabernacle) to be carried out. 

Acts 15 - The critical passage regarding Gentile believers in Christ

The matter of what was required for Gentile believers in Christ was initially settled at the Jerusalem Council in Acts 15. They were NOT required to follow the regulations of the Abrahamic Covenant (circumcision) or the other requirements of the Mosaic Covenant. The Apostle Paul's epistles only serve to reinforce the decisions that God the Holy Spirit inspired the Apostles to make at the Jerusalem Council. 

What exactly was required for Gentile believers in Acts 15 - we read, in verses 28-29,  28 - "For it has seemed good to the Holy Spirit and to us to lay on you no greater burden than these requirements: 29 that you abstain from what has been sacrificed to idols, and from blood, and from what has been strangled, and from sexual immorality. If you keep yourselves from these, you will do well."

Why these requirements? As my Messianic Jewish friends have pointed out, these "four “apostolic decrees,” as they have been called, are quite similar to four of the regulations in the Mosaic law placed upon foreigners who wished to remain in the land of Israel. They were to abstain from pagan sacrifices (Leviticus 17:8–9), from blood (17:10–14), things strangled (17:13–14),6 and sexual immorality (18:6–23). 

The Apostles' letter said nothing about eating Kosher! Nothing about circumcising new male converts! Nothing about keeping the Sabbath and/or other Jewish Temple ceremonial requirements! Nothing about observing Jewish feast days! Nothing about Tithing either! Rather the Earliest Christians went far beyond the idea of giving 10%! (which is beyond the scope of this blog post)

And if following the Law of Moses was in fact expected to be carried out by followers of Jesus, would not Paul's letters be full of such exhortations? And yet, NOTHING. He is extremely detailed in how we are to "fulfill the Law of Christ" (Gal. 6:2)

Rather, as we have read in the aforementioned passages he is teaching the New Covenant. To Jewish background believers (who the New Covenant was explicitly made with!!!), he writes that the Mosaic Law is being changed, made obsolete, passing away, abolished, and is no longer to be imposed. For Gentile believers, Paul explicitly instructs them NOT to follow the requirements of the Law of Moses that were never intended for them at all! The Law of Moses was made with Israel AS A NATION, not with Gentiles. The Law of Moses could only be fulfilled when Israelites were a nation as it contained civic/criminal laws as well. 

What evidence do we have that what I've just written was the universal understanding of the Early Church? The way the churches that preserved the Apostles' writing lived? The ones who fought heresies, articulated Apostolic doctrines, and helped to determine the Canon of our New Testament Scriptures? 

We know how they lived and what they believed because we have their writings - to give you just a sample from the end of the 2nd Century, I'll quote the great Tertullian, the North African theologian who coined the term "Trinity" that defines the essence of Christian orthodoxy until this day. 

Tertullian wrote around AD 200, "God thus shows that the ancient covenant [Mosaic] is temporary only, when He indicates its change. Also, when He promises that it will be followed by an eternal one [New Covenant]."  

[He continues] "The epistle that we also allow to be the most decisive against Judaism, is that in which the apostle instructs the Galatians. For we fully admit the abolition of the ancient Law. We hold that it actually proceeds from the dispensation of the Creator. ...Christ marks the period of the separation when He says, “The Law and the Prophets were until John.” [Lk. 16:16] He thus made the Baptist the boundary between the two dispensations of the old things that were then terminating and the new things that were then beginning."  

No surprise. This is exactly what the Apostle Paul taught and precisely what the sub-Apostolic church understood him to mean. The Old Covenant ENDED. The New Covenant REPLACED it. All of the dietary and ceremonial requirements of the Mosaic Law (and the physical requirement of male circumcision from the Abrahamic Covenant) were no longer kept by followers of Jesus. Rather they were committed to living in obedience to the teachings of Christ and His Apostles (the Law of Christ). There was no more Sabbath observance (as it was a ceremonial requirement under the Mosaic Law). Christians gathered and worshipped on "the Lord's Day" (Sunday). 

The Mosaic Law mandated Jewish feast days were no longer kept. Rather a new calendar emerged - One could say in one sense they continued with 2 of the Jewish feasts, namely Passover and Pentecost, but they were entirely re-envisioned/re-interpreted in Christ. Christians celebrated Pascha (the Greek word for Passover, what we call Easter today). It was at the same time as the Jewish Passover but was now about the death and resurrection of the Lord Jesus who became our "Passover Lamb". They changed their fasting days to Wednesdays and Fridays (the Jews continued to fast on Mondays and Thursdays). They also reappropriated Pentecost as a season of celebration when Christians would celebrate the coming of the Holy Spirit. This is what we find all over the Christian world in the earliest centuries of the Church. Hebrew Roots followers would do well to read the writings of the Earliest Christians because if they did, they would abandon their errors as a result.

BTW - Christmas came later (in the 3rd century and was NOT pagan as the Hebrew Roots Movement erroneously teaches).

*Commonwealth Theology - Commonwealth Theology is a new movement. To be fair, not all who identify as Commonwealth believe that Gentile believers need to be keeping the Mosaic dietary laws, Sabbath observance and/or Jewish feast days that were commanded under the Old Covenant. Part of this new movement, however, does believe they are called to be Torah Observant as Gentile believers. I have interacted personally with one of the movement's chief advocates/leaders. In my personal interaction him who would be considered a Commonwealth theologian, I heard some of the very same language and arguments used by more moderate Hebrew Roots teachers. As a Gentile believer, he was keeping the dietary laws and observing the Sabbath and Jewish Feast Days. Like the Hebrew Roots teachers they too have essentially re-written early church history believing the early church was continuing to live under the aforementioned elements and aspects of the Old Covenant long after the Apostles were gone. And as I have demonstrated, this is demonstrably untrue. It is "fake news" historically speaking. 

**Perpetual? - some argue that the Mosaic Covenant is ongoing due to the use of the word "perpetual" ("everlasting"/"forever"). 

The Hebrew word olam doesn't always mean neverending. Rather it also means "ongoing for an unknowable length of time". This was exactly what we find with the Mosaic Covenant. The Levitical priesthood was also said to be perpetual/forever (olam) but it ENDED with the destruction of the Temple in AD 70. It did not go on forever. 

It was put in effect perpetually UNTIL it was superseded/replaced by a better one. The death of Christ ended the inferior Covenant and replaced it with the eternal one, the New Covenant. The means by which the Mosaic Covenant could be carried out ENDED with the destruction of the Jewish Temple and the disbanding of the Levitical priesthood in AD70. The entire message of the Book of Hebrews is to make this exact point. Christ's coming enacted the New Covenant, thus replacing the Old Covenant. 

***A Messianic Jewish Response to the Hebrew Roots Movement - "Are We Under the Sinai Law? What is Our Stance Regarding the Torah?" Link:

****Sabbath? - What about the 10 Commandments? Sabbath observance being one of them? 

Sabbath observance for Gentile believers isn't only a Hebrew Roots teaching, but also taught by the Seventh Day Adventists and some other Christian groups.

However, the command to keep the Sabbath was not for all people at all times - it was given at Mt. Sinai (Mosaic Covenant) and only applied to Israel as a Nation. Prior to the coming of the Law of Moses, Sabbath was commanded or required of anyone. So, it has NOT APPLIED at all times. The only people to ever be judged for not keeping it were the Israelites. Never is the command given to other nations (non-Israelites) and never is any Gentile nation/person judged for not keeping it. 

The other 9 of the 10 Commandments were/are objectively wrong for all people at all times as they were moral regulations and the Scriptures reveal mankind being judged for not obeying the moral laws contained in the other Commandments. 

Some additional summary thoughts about Sabbath Observance:

1. The regulations for Sabbath were ceremonial and therefore when the sacrificial system and priesthood ended, it was no longer in force. Again, AD70.

2. Paul is addressing the issue of Sabbath in the Colossians passage cited above.

3. The Sabbath was the sign to Israel of the Mosaic Covenant, which has ended.

4. Never does the New Testament command Sabbath observance.

5. The Early Church gathered/worshipped on Sunday.

6. Never are Gentile nations commanded to observe the Sabbath and are never judged for failing to do so.

7. The Bible records no practice of Sabbath observance before Moses and no commandment to do so until the Sinai Covenant.

8. The Apostles in Acts 15 did not require Gentile believers to keep the Sabbath.

9. While Paul mentions many sins in his epistles, breaking the Sabbath is never mentioned as one of them. 

10. Paul rebukes the Galatians (cited above) for believing they had to keep special days. (with Sabbath in mind)

11. In Romans 14:5, Paul rebukes Jewish background believers who were still observing the Sabbath (as was their tradition) for judging/condemning those (Gentile believers) who were not. Clearly, if Sabbath observance was expected to continue for all Christians, he would not have written this.

12. The universal practice of the early Church (after the 1st Century) all believed/taught that Sabbath observance had been abolished. Hebrew Roots people claim it was in the 4th century that the church rejected Sabbath observance (see quotes and their dates below).

...Your new moons and Sabbaths I cannot put up with. Therefore He [God] abolished these things in order that the new Law of our Lord Jesus,…but even the circumcision upon which they [the Jews] trust has been abolished.  Barnabas (AD 70-130)

Do not be deceived by strange doctrines or ancient myths which are useless. For if until now we live according to Judaism, we admit, that we have not received grace….Therefore, if those who lived in ancient customs, came to newness of hope, no longer observing the Sabbath, but living in the observance of the Lord's Day [Sunday]…having become His disciples let us learn to live according to Christianity…. Therefore, do away with bad yeast, which has become old and sour, and turn to the new yeast, which is Jesus Christ…It is absurd to speak of Jesus Christ and live like Jews,… Ignatius (AD 105)

Is there any other matter, my [Jewish] friends, in which we Christians are blamed, than this: that we do not live after the Law...and do not observe Sabbaths as you do?…There was no need of circumcision before Abraham. Nor was there need of the observance of Sabbaths, or of feasts and sacrifices, before Moses. Accordingly, there is no more need of them now.  Justin Martyr (AD 160)

the observance of the Sabbath is demonstrated to have been temporary. Tertullian (AD 197)

For concerning [the Jews Sabbath], Christ himself, the Lord of the Sabbath, says by His prophets that “His soul hates.” In His body, He [Christ] abolished this Sabbath. Victorinus (AD 280)

"Are Christians Required to Keep the Saturday Sabbath?" - Link:

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